The piles are classified as follows: 1) Classification based on the function The piles based upon the function or use may be classified as follows: a) Bearing Piles: The piles which do not support the load by themselves, but act …
levelling may be classified as under : Differential levelling Cross-sectioning levelling Check levelling Reciprocal levelling Profile levelling Precision levelling 1. Differential levelling. The operation of spirit levelling which is employed to determine the elevations of a number of points some …
The principle of levelling lies in furnishing a horizontal line of sight and finding the vertical distances of points above or below the line of sight.The line of sight is provided with a level and a graduated levelling staff is …
The magnetic needle is seriously deflected from its normal position when it is under the influence of external attractive forces. Such a disturbing influence is known as local attraction. The term is also used to amount of deviation of the needle …
The adjustment of surveying compass are:a) Temporary Adjustment The adjustments which are required to be made at every set up of the instrument are known or stationary adjustment. It includes: 1) CenteringThe process of centering the instruments i.e. making the pivot …
Surveying Compass are of following two types: 1) Prismatic Compass2) Surveyor’s Compass 1) Prismatic CompassIt is most suitable type of surveying compass which consists of a circular box about 100mm in diameter. Prismatic compass can be used as a hand …
A series of connected lines each joining two points on the ground is called a traverse. Each points are known as traverse stations and straight lines between two consecutive stations are called traverse legs. There are two types of traverse: …
Generally there are two types of error: 1) Cumulative Errors2) Compensating Errors 1) Commutative Errors The errors which occur in the same direction and tend to accumulate, or to add up, are called cumulative Errors/ Such an error makes the …
Here are all the tests of concrete: *** HARDENED CONCRETE ***Important Tests 1) Compressive Strength Test 2) Permeability Test on concrete 3) Tensile Strength Test4) Water Absorption Test5) Schmidt Hammer Test 6) Ultrasonic Test Other 7) Density Test 8) Shrinkage Test 9) Creep …
Here are the list of all the cement tests :(Important tests are written in the format of : TITLE, INSTRUMENTS REQUIRED,PROCEDURE, OBSERVATION & CALCULATION, RESULT & CONCLUSION. Please Click on the respective test for reading in this format )Important Tests 1) …